You can’t do this, but what you can do is apply the drop-shadow to a pseudo-element that is the same size and uses a multiply blend mode.

 

.above {
    position: absolute;
    background: green;
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
}

.above::before {
    box-shadow: 3pt 3pt 0 0 dodgerblue;
    mix-blend-mode: multiply;
    content: "";

    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    bottom: 0;
}

.below {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50px;
    left: 50px;

    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;

    background: red;
}
<div class="below">
</div>
<div class="above">
</div>

found here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52838406/apply-blend-mode-to-drop-shadow-only